Zero-sum van der Waerden theorems for symmetric functions

Definition\(m\)-vanishing family#✓fully proved

Let \(n\) be a natural number and let \(F = (f^{(l)})_{l \ge 0}\) be a family of functions \(f^{(l)} : (\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z})^l \to M\) into a type \(M\) with a zero element. For a natural number \(m\), \(F\) is \(m\)-vanishing if for every sequence \(a_0, a_1, a_2, \dots\) of elements of \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\) there are a length \(l > 1\) and a start \(s \ge 0\) such that \(f^{(l)}(a_{s+jl}, a_{s+jl+1}, \dots, a_{s+jl+l-1}) = 0\) for every \(j < m\); that is, the sequence contains \(m\) consecutive blocks of a common length \(l > 1\) on each of which \(f^{(l)}\) vanishes.

public def IsMVanishingFamily {n : ℕ} {M : Type*} [Zero M] (m : ℕ)
    (F : (l : ℕ) → (Fin l → ZMod n) → M) : Prop :=
  ∀ a : ℕ → ZMod n, ∃ l, 1 < l ∧ ∃ s, ∀ j < m, F l (fun i => a (s + j * l + i)) = 0
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Section 2 (definition of m-vanishing).
Used by 11

DefinitionVanishing family#✓fully proved

Let \(n\) be a natural number. A family \(F\) of functions on blocks over \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\) with values in a type with a zero is vanishing if it is \(m\)-vanishing for every positive integer \(m\).

public def IsVanishingFamily {n : ℕ} {M : Type*} [Zero M]
    (F : (l : ℕ) → (Fin l → ZMod n) → M) : Prop :=
  ∀ m, 0 < m → IsMVanishingFamily m F
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Section 2 (definition of vanishing).
Uses 1 · Used by 6

DefinitionThe sum-plus-product family \(F_c\)#✓fully proved

For \(c \in \mathbb{Z}/n\), the family \(F_c\) over \(\mathbb{Z}/n\) sends a block \((b_1, \dots, b_l)\) of elements of \(\mathbb{Z}/n\), of any length \(l \ge 0\), to \(b_1 + \dots + b_l + c\, b_1 b_2 \cdots b_l\), where an empty sum is \(0\) and an empty product is \(1\).

public def sumAddMulProdFamily {n : ℕ} (c : ZMod n) (l : ℕ) (b : Fin l → ZMod n) :
    ZMod n :=
  ∑ i, b i + c * ∏ i, b i
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Section 2 (the family F_c).
Used by 12

TheoremMonotonicity of \(m\)-vanishing#✓fully proved

Let \(F\) be a family of functions on blocks over \(\mathbb{Z}/n\) with values in a type \(M\) with a zero. If \(F\) is \(m\)-vanishing and \(m' \le m\), then \(F\) is \(m'\)-vanishing.

public theorem IsMVanishingFamily.mono {n : ℕ} {M : Type*} [Zero M]
    {F : (l : ℕ) → (Fin l → ZMod n) → M} {m m' : ℕ} (h : IsMVanishingFamily m F)
    (hm : m' ≤ m) : IsMVanishingFamily m' F
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Section 2 (definition of m-vanishing).
Uses 1

TheoremEvery family is \(0\)-vanishing#✓fully proved

For every natural number \(n\) and every family \(F\) of functions \(f^{(l)} : (\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z})^l \to M\), \(l \ge 0\), into a type \(M\) with a zero element, \(F\) is \(0\)-vanishing.

public theorem isMVanishingFamily_zero {n : ℕ} {M : Type*} [Zero M]
    (F : (l : ℕ) → (Fin l → ZMod n) → M) : IsMVanishingFamily 0 F
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Section 2 (definition of m-vanishing).
Uses 1

TheoremThe sum-plus-product family on blocks of length two#✓fully proved

For \(c \in \mathbb{Z}/n\) and \(b_0, b_1 \in \mathbb{Z}/n\), the sum-plus-product family \(F_c\) over \(\mathbb{Z}/n\) satisfies \(F_c(b_0, b_1) = b_0 + b_1 + c\, b_0 b_1\).

public theorem sumAddMulProdFamily_two {n : ℕ} (c : ZMod n) (b : Fin 2 → ZMod n) :
    sumAddMulProdFamily c 2 b = b 0 + b 1 + c * (b 0 * b 1)
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Section 2 (the family F_c).
Uses 1

TheoremZero-sum van der Waerden theorem#●ready to prove

For every positive integer \(n\), the family over \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\) sending a block \((b_1, \dots, b_l)\) to \(\sum_i b_i\) is vanishing: for every \(m > 0\), every sequence over \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\) contains \(m\) consecutive blocks of a common length \(l > 1\), each with sum zero.

public theorem_wanted isVanishingFamily_sum {n : ℕ} (hn : 0 < n) :
    IsVanishingFamily (fun (l : ℕ) (b : Fin l → ZMod n) => ∑ i, b i)
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Theorem 1.
Uses 1
Statement usesVanishing family

Theorem\(F_c\) with \(c \notin \{0, \pm 1\}\) is not \(m\)-vanishing for \(m > 0\)#●ready to prove

Let \(n > 1\) and let \(c \in \mathbb{Z}/n\) with \(c \ne 0\), \(c \ne 1\) and \(c \ne -1\). Then for every \(m > 0\) the sum-plus-product family \(F_c\) over \(\mathbb{Z}/n\), \(F_c(b_1, \dots, b_l) = b_1 + \dots + b_l + c\, b_1 \cdots b_l\), is not \(m\)-vanishing.

public theorem_wanted not_isMVanishingFamily_sumAddMulProd_of_ne {n : ℕ} (hn : 1 < n)
    (c : ZMod n) (hc0 : c ≠ 0) (hc1 : c ≠ 1) (hcm1 : c ≠ -1) {m : ℕ} (hm : 0 < m) :
    ¬ IsMVanishingFamily m (sumAddMulProdFamily c)
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Theorem 2.
Uses 2

TheoremClassification of vanishing for the sum-plus-product family \(F_1\)#●ready to prove

Let \(n > 1\) and let \(F_1\) be the family over \(\mathbb{Z}/n\) given by \(F_1(b_1, \dots, b_l) = b_1 + \dots + b_l + b_1 \cdots b_l\). If \(n \notin \{2, 3, 4, 6, 8\}\), then \(F_1\) is not \(m\)-vanishing for any \(m > 0\). If \(n \in \{2, 3, 4, 8\}\), then \(F_1\) is vanishing. If \(n = 6\), then \(F_1\) is \(1\)-vanishing but not \(m\)-vanishing for any \(m > 1\).

public theorem_wanted sumAddMulProd_one_classification {n : ℕ} (hn : 1 < n) :
    (n ∉ ({2, 3, 4, 6, 8} : Finset ℕ) →
      ∀ m, 0 < m → ¬ IsMVanishingFamily m (sumAddMulProdFamily (1 : ZMod n))) ∧
    (n ∈ ({2, 3, 4, 8} : Finset ℕ) → IsVanishingFamily (sumAddMulProdFamily (1 : ZMod n))) ∧
    (n = 6 → IsMVanishingFamily 1 (sumAddMulProdFamily (1 : ZMod n)) ∧
      ∀ m, 1 < m → ¬ IsMVanishingFamily m (sumAddMulProdFamily (1 : ZMod n)))
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Theorem 3.
Uses 3

TheoremThe sum-plus-product family is vanishing over \(\mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z}\)#●ready to prove

Let \(F_1\) be the family over \(\mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z}\) sending a block \((b_1, \dots, b_l)\) to \(\sum_i b_i + \prod_i b_i\). Then \(F_1\) is vanishing.

public theorem_wanted isVanishingFamily_sumAddMulProd_one_three :
    IsVanishingFamily (sumAddMulProdFamily (1 : ZMod 3))
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Lemma 1.
Uses 2

TheoremThe sum-plus-product family is vanishing over \(\mathbb{Z}/4\mathbb{Z}\) and \(\mathbb{Z}/8\mathbb{Z}\)#●ready to prove

The sum-plus-product family is vanishing over \(\mathbb{Z}/4\mathbb{Z}\) and \(\mathbb{Z}/8\mathbb{Z}\). Let \(n \in \{4, 8\}\) and let \(F_1\) be the family over \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\) sending a block \((b_1, \dots, b_l)\) to \(\sum_i b_i + \prod_i b_i\). Then \(F_1\) is vanishing.

public theorem_wanted isVanishingFamily_sumAddMulProd_one_four_eight {n : ℕ}
    (hn : n = 4 ∨ n = 8) : IsVanishingFamily (sumAddMulProdFamily (1 : ZMod n))
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Lemma 2.
Uses 2

TheoremThe sum-plus-product family is \(1\)-vanishing over \(\mathbb{Z}/6\mathbb{Z}\)#●ready to prove

Let \(F_1\) be the family over \(\mathbb{Z}/6\mathbb{Z}\) sending a block \((b_1, \dots, b_l)\) to \(\sum_i b_i + \prod_i b_i\). Then \(F_1\) is \(1\)-vanishing: every sequence over \(\mathbb{Z}/6\mathbb{Z}\) contains a block of consecutive terms, of some length \(l > 1\), on which \(F_1\) vanishes.

public theorem_wanted isMVanishingFamily_one_sumAddMulProd_one_six :
    IsMVanishingFamily 1 (sumAddMulProdFamily (1 : ZMod 6))
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Lemma 3.
Uses 2

Theorem\(F_{\pm 1}\) over \(\mathbb{Z}/6\) is not \(m\)-vanishing for \(m > 1\)#●ready to prove

For every \(m > 1\), neither of the sum-plus-product families \(F_{-1}\) and \(F_1\) over \(\mathbb{Z}/6\), where \(F_c(b_1, \dots, b_l) = b_1 + \dots + b_l + c\, b_1 \cdots b_l\), is \(m\)-vanishing.

public theorem_wanted not_isMVanishingFamily_sumAddMulProd_six {m : ℕ} (hm : 1 < m) :
    ¬ IsMVanishingFamily m (sumAddMulProdFamily (-1 : ZMod 6)) ∧
      ¬ IsMVanishingFamily m (sumAddMulProdFamily (1 : ZMod 6))
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Lemma 4.
Uses 2

Theorem\(F_1\) modulo a prime \(n \equiv 1 \pmod 4\) is not \(m\)-vanishing for \(m > 0\)#●ready to prove

Let \(n\) be a prime with \(n \equiv 1 \pmod 4\). Then for every \(m > 0\) the sum-plus-product family \(F_1\) over \(\mathbb{Z}/n\), \(F_1(b_1, \dots, b_l) = b_1 + \dots + b_l + b_1 \cdots b_l\), is not \(m\)-vanishing.

public theorem_wanted not_isMVanishingFamily_sumAddMulProd_one_prime_one_mod_four {n : ℕ}
    (hp : n.Prime) (h4 : n % 4 = 1) {m : ℕ} (hm : 0 < m) :
    ¬ IsMVanishingFamily m (sumAddMulProdFamily (1 : ZMod n))
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Lemma 5, quoting Theorem 3.6 of Bialostocki and Dierker.
Uses 2

TheoremNonzero solutions of a two-equation system modulo primes greater than 3 congruent to 3 mod 4#●ready to prove

Nonzero solutions of a two-equation system modulo primes greater than 3 congruent to 3 mod 4. Let \(n > 3\) be a prime with \(n \equiv 3 \pmod 4\). Then there are nonzero \(x, y \in \mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\) and an integer \(r \in \{2, 3\}\) such that \(x + ry = 0\) and \(xy^r = 1\) in \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\).

The source prints the second equation as \(xy r = 1\); it is read as \(xy^r = 1\), as in the proof, whose first case computes \(xy^2 = x^3/4 = 1\).

public theorem_wanted exists_add_mul_eq_zero_mul_pow_eq_one {n : ℕ} (hp : n.Prime)
    (h3 : 3 < n) (h4 : n % 4 = 3) :
    ∃ x y : ZMod n, x ≠ 0 ∧ y ≠ 0 ∧ ∃ r : ℕ, (r = 2 ∨ r = 3) ∧
      x + r * y = 0 ∧ x * y ^ r = 1
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Lemma 6.

Theorem\(F_1\) modulo a prime \(n > 3\) with \(n \equiv 3 \pmod 4\) is not \(m\)-vanishing for \(m > 0\)#●ready to prove

Let \(n > 3\) be a prime with \(n \equiv 3 \pmod 4\). Then for every \(m > 0\) the sum-plus-product family \(F_1\) over \(\mathbb{Z}/n\), \(F_1(b_1, \dots, b_l) = b_1 + \dots + b_l + b_1 \cdots b_l\), is not \(m\)-vanishing.

public theorem_wanted not_isMVanishingFamily_sumAddMulProd_one_prime_three_mod_four
    {n : ℕ} (hp : n.Prime) (h3 : 3 < n) (h4 : n % 4 = 3) {m : ℕ} (hm : 0 < m) :
    ¬ IsMVanishingFamily m (sumAddMulProdFamily (1 : ZMod n))
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Lemma 7.
Uses 2

Theorem\(F_1\) modulo \(8u\) with \(u > 1\) is not \(m\)-vanishing for \(m > 0\)#●ready to prove

Let \(u > 1\) be a natural number and \(n = 8u\). Then for every \(m > 0\) the sum-plus-product family \(F_1\) over \(\mathbb{Z}/n\), \(F_1(b_1, \dots, b_l) = b_1 + \dots + b_l + b_1 \cdots b_l\), is not \(m\)-vanishing.

public theorem_wanted not_isMVanishingFamily_sumAddMulProd_one_eight_mul {u : ℕ}
    (hu : 1 < u) {m : ℕ} (hm : 0 < m) :
    ¬ IsMVanishingFamily m (sumAddMulProdFamily (1 : ZMod (8 * u)))
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Lemma 8.
Uses 2

Theorem\(F_1\) modulo \(9u\) with \(u > 0\) is not \(m\)-vanishing for \(m > 0\)#●ready to prove

Let \(u > 0\) be a natural number and \(n = 9u\). Then for every \(m > 0\) the sum-plus-product family \(F_1\) over \(\mathbb{Z}/n\), \(F_1(b_1, \dots, b_l) = b_1 + \dots + b_l + b_1 \cdots b_l\), is not \(m\)-vanishing.

public theorem_wanted not_isMVanishingFamily_sumAddMulProd_one_nine_mul {u : ℕ}
    (hu : 0 < u) {m : ℕ} (hm : 0 < m) :
    ¬ IsMVanishingFamily m (sumAddMulProdFamily (1 : ZMod (9 * u)))
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Lemma 9.
Uses 2

TheoremThe sum-minus-product family is vanishing modulo prime powers#●ready to prove

Let \(p\) be a prime, \(k > 0\) and \(n = p^k\), and let \(F_{-1}\) be the family over \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\) sending a block \((b_1, \dots, b_l)\) to \(\sum_i b_i - \prod_i b_i\). Then \(F_{-1}\) is vanishing.

public theorem_wanted isVanishingFamily_sumAddMulProd_neg_one_prime_pow {p k : ℕ}
    (hp : p.Prime) (hk : 0 < k) :
    IsVanishingFamily (sumAddMulProdFamily (-1 : ZMod (p ^ k)))
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Theorem 4.
Uses 2

TheoremVanishing of families of sums of transformed entries#●ready to prove

Let \(n\) be a positive integer, \(d\) a natural number and \(g_1, \dots, g_d : \mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z} \to \mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\) maps. Then the family over \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\) sending a block \((b_1, \dots, b_l)\) to the vector \(\left(\sum_i g_1(b_i), \dots, \sum_i g_d(b_i)\right) \in (\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z})^d\) is vanishing, where a block counts as vanishing when all \(d\) coordinates of this vector are zero.

The source assumes \(d > 0\); for \(d = 0\) the statement is trivial.

public theorem_wanted isVanishingFamily_transformation_sums {n d : ℕ} (hn : 0 < n)
    (g : Fin d → ZMod n → ZMod n) :
    IsVanishingFamily (fun (l : ℕ) (b : Fin l → ZMod n) (t : Fin d) => ∑ i, g t (b i))
Sources
  • Arie Bialostocki and Vladyslav Oles, On Generalizing the Van Der Waerden Theorem to Some Symmetric Functions, INTEGERS 26 (2026), Article A25, Theorem 6.
Uses 1
Statement usesVanishing family
6 fully proved14 ready to prove

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